2024-06-10-世界银行-撒哈拉以南非洲的国家愿景和气候承诺是否成立_非洲区域水和气候政策说明（英）_30页_2mb

This analysis examines the inclusion of water and its subsectors in national visions and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It aims to assess the extent to which water features in these documents, highlight gaps in their presentation of water-related climate priorities, and suggest ways to improve their integration into national planning.

Key findings include:

1. Presence of Water in Visions: Water supply and sanitation (WSS) are frequently mentioned (91%), but adaptation and mitigation actions are often not defined with clear indicators or timelines. Irrigation and hydropower were mentioned in about half of the visions. Water resources management (WRM) was referenced more frequently but was poorly articulated and lacked defined action mechanisms.
2. Presence of Water in NDCs: Water adaptation measures were present in all NDCs (e.g., early warning systems, water supply). However, few provided clear timelines, locations, or monitoring details. Water mitigation actions were less common. WRM actions were often highly generalized. WRM in NDCs lacked specificity.
3. Lack of Specificity and Indicators: Both visions and NDCs often lack clear, measurable targets, timelines, and details on how water management strategies will address climate impacts or utilize finance.
4. Breakdown Across Water Subsectors:
   • Universal access for WSS is a standard target but needs stronger integration. WRM should explicitly include climate adaptation and mitigation actions.
   • Irrigation: Crucial for climate resilience, but its inclusion varies. Area-based targets need supplementing with measures for community-led irrigation.
   • Hydropower: Development targets are inconsistent.
   • Renewables: Opportunities exist in increasing the use of renewable energy in water supply and sanitation, energy efficiency, and other areas, but very few specific targets exist.

The report identifies two primary gaps:

1. Coverage and Specificity: Weaknesses and lack of clarity regarding the presence, implementation, monitoring, and financing of water actions.
2. Treatment of WRM: WRM remains an "inchoate priority" lacking concrete measures, timelines, monitoring, and financing.

Suggested Improvements:

1. Proactive and Strategic Involvement: Water sector actors need to engage more actively early in the process, pushing for better-defined priorities.
2. Integrated Framework Approach: Actions should address climate change while acknowledging the ecosystem services provided by water resources.
3. Integration and Alignment: Both visions and NDCs should align closely, ensuring common goals across all planning bodies.

Needs:

• Clear, quantitative objectives and targets
• Specific adaptation and mitigation measures
• Timelines
• Monitoring mechanisms (indicators)
• Financiers

Recommendations for Water Sector Actors:
Engage directly at national levels during the drafting of new national visions and updated NDCs (every five years). They should strengthen water sector indicators and targets, ensure compatibility between visions and NDCs, influence the African Union's Africa Water Investment Programme (AIP) Scorecard, and push for technical assistance to improve the scope and quality of national policies.