2012年-世界发展银行全球_Building_Capacity___Experiences_from_Post-Disaster_Aceh_and_Nias_75页_2mb

Summary of MDF-JRF Working Paper Series: Lessons Learned from Post-Disaster Reconstruction in Indonesia

Core Content

This working paper series documents the experiences and lessons learned from post-disaster reconstruction efforts in Indonesia, focusing on the Multi Donor Fund for Aceh and Nias (MDF) and the Java Reconstruction Fund (JRF). These funds were established in response to major natural disasters that struck Indonesia between 2004 and 2010, including the Aceh and Nias earthquakes, the Java earthquake, the West Java tsunami, and the Mount Merapi volcanic eruptions. The paper emphasizes the importance of capacity building in enabling effective and sustainable post-disaster recovery.

Main Disasters and Their Impact

December 2004 – Earthquake and Tsunami in Aceh

• Casualties: 221,000 people killed or missing, over 500,000 left homeless.
• Damage: Estimated at $4.9 billion, later revised to $6.2 billion.
• Infrastructure: Major damage to roads, bridges, schools, hospitals, and communication systems.
• Government Response: The national government established the BRR (Agency for the Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Aceh and Nias) to coordinate the reconstruction effort.

March 2005 – Earthquake in Aceh and North Sumatra

• Casualties: Nearly 1,000 people died, 50,000 displaced.
• Impact: Further damage to already devastated areas, increasing the isolation of Nias and Simeulue.

May 2006 – Earthquake in Java

• Casualties: Over 5,700 people died, 280,000 homes destroyed.
• Damage: Estimated at $3.1 billion.
• Infrastructure: Significant damage to housing and local infrastructure.
• Economic Impact: Severe effects on small and medium enterprises, especially in the handicraft sector.

July 2006 – West Java Tsunami

• Casualties: Over 650 people died, 28,000 displaced.
• Damage: Estimated at $112 million.
• Impact: Widespread destruction of fishing villages and tourist resorts.

October–November 2010 – Mount Merapi Volcanic Eruptions

• Casualties: 300 people died, over 500 injured.
• Displacement: 350,000 people displaced.
• Damage: Over 2,900 houses destroyed, significant impact on livelihoods and infrastructure.

Key Findings and Lessons

1.1 Weak Local Government Capacity

• Local governments in Aceh and Nias were severely weakened by conflict and isolation, making it difficult to manage recovery efforts.

1.2 Role of Capacity Building in Reconstruction

• Capacity building was crucial in restoring governance and enabling effective community recovery and infrastructure rebuilding.

1.3 Capacity Building under the BRR

• The BRR played a central role in coordinating reconstruction efforts, with a focus on rebuilding infrastructure, restoring public services, and strengthening local governance.

1.4 Multi-Level Capacity Challenges

• Capacity challenges spanned from national to local levels, requiring a comprehensive and integrated approach.

MDF's Capacity Building Work

2.1 MDF Partnership

• The MDF was established in April 2005 to coordinate donor support for reconstruction in Aceh and Nias.
• It pooled $655 million from 15 donors, with the World Bank as trustee.
• Partner agencies included UNDP, WFP, ILO, and other international organizations.

2.2 MDF's Approach to Capacity Building

• A phased approach was used to manage short-term expectations and deliver long-term, high-quality results.
• The MDF emphasized community-driven recovery, technical training, and institutional strengthening.

MDF's Contributions to Capacity Building in Aceh and Nias

3.1 MDF Portfolio Development

• The MDF portfolio included 23 projects across six outcome areas, addressing community recovery, infrastructure, economic development, governance, environment, and the recovery process itself.

3.2 Capacity Building in the MDF Portfolio

• Several projects were specifically focused on capacity building, including training for local government staff in Management Information Systems.

3.3 MDF's Capacity Building Accomplishments

• The MDF significantly improved the capacity of local governments and communities.
• It supported the development of local institutions and strengthened public services.

3.4 Project-Level Capacity Building

• Projects such as Rekompak and KDP were implemented using a community-driven approach, allowing local communities to take ownership of their recovery.
• Training and support were provided to local governments and communities to improve planning, implementation, and management of reconstruction efforts.

3.5 Reducing Disaster Risk

• The MDF also focused on disaster risk reduction, promoting sustainable practices and resilience-building measures.

Key Lessons from MDF's Experience

5.1 Key Lessons in Capacity Building

• Phased Approach: A structured, multi-phase approach to reconstruction ensures effective management and long-term results.
• Community Involvement: Engaging local communities in the recovery process is essential for sustainable outcomes.
• Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships: Strong partnerships between government, donors, civil society, and communities are vital for successful post-disaster recovery.
• Institutional Strengthening: Building local institutional capacity is critical for long-term resilience and effective governance.
• Disaster Risk Reduction: Integrating disaster risk reduction into reconstruction efforts helps prevent future losses.

5.2 Conclusions

• The MDF and JRF have demonstrated the effectiveness of multi-donor trust funds in post-disaster recovery.
• Their experiences highlight the importance of capacity building, community engagement, and multi-stakeholder collaboration.
• These lessons can be adapted and applied in other post-disaster and post-conflict contexts.

Key Information

• The MDF was established in April 2005 and was coordinated by the Indonesian government through the BRR and later Bappenas.
• The MDF's portfolio included 23 projects in six outcome areas, with a focus on community recovery, infrastructure, economic development, and governance.
• The JRF, modeled after the MDF, was established in 2006 to support reconstruction in Java.
• The MDF's success was attributed to its strong coordination mechanisms, community-driven approaches, and emphasis on capacity building and disaster risk reduction.
• The MDF's total contributions amounted to $655 million, with the World Bank as trustee.
• The lessons from the MDF and JRF are valuable for future reconstruction efforts in disaster-prone regions.