2017年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2017___Germany_108页_1mb

Doing Business 2017: Germany Summary

Core Content

The Doing Business 2017 report by the World Bank Group evaluates the ease of doing business in 190 economies, including Germany, based on 11 key regulatory areas. It provides data on the number of procedures, time, and cost required for various business activities, along with a gender dimension in some indicators. The report also introduces the Distance to Frontier (DTF) score and the Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) ranking to benchmark regulatory environments and assess progress toward best practices.

Main Topics and Indicators Covered

1. Starting a Business

• Germany's Rank (DB2017): 114
• Germany's DTF Score (DB2017): 83.42
• Germany's DTF Score (DB2016): 83.35
• Procedures (Men): 9
• Time (Men): 10.5 days
• Cost (Men): 1.9% of income per capita
• Procedures (Women): 9
• Time (Women): 10.5 days
• Cost (Women): 1.9% of income per capita
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 99.96)

2. Dealing with Construction Permits

• Germany's Rank (DB2017): 12
• Germany's DTF Score (DB2017): 81.45
• Germany's DTF Score (DB2016): 81.42
• Procedures: 8
• Time: 96 days
• Cost: 1.1% of warehouse value
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 87.40)

3. Getting Electricity

• Germany's Rank (DB2017): 5
• Germany's DTF Score (DB2017): 98.79
• Procedures: 3
• Time: 28 days
• Cost: 40.8% of income per capita
• Best Performer: Korea, Rep. (Rank 1, DTF 99.88)

4. Registering Property

• Germany's Rank (DB2017): 79
• Germany's DTF Score (DB2017): 65.72
• Procedures: 6
• Time: 52 days
• Cost: 6.7% of property value
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 94.46)

5. Getting Credit

• Germany's Rank (DB2017): 32
• Germany's DTF Score (DB2017): 70.00
• Procedures: 8
• Time: 218 hours per year
• Cost: 48.9% of profit
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 100.00)

6. Protecting Minority Investors

• Germany's Rank (DB2017): 53
• Germany's DTF Score (DB2017): 60.00
• Strength of Legal Rights Index: 6
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 83.33)

7. Trading Across Borders

• Germany's Rank (DB2017): 38
• Germany's DTF Score (DB2017): 91.77
• Time to Export (Border Compliance): 36 hours
• Cost to Export (Border Compliance): $345
• Best Performer: 10 Economies (Rank 1, DTF 100.00)

8. Enforcing Contracts

• Germany's Rank (DB2017): 17
• Germany's DTF Score (DB2017): 73.17
• Time: 499 days
• Cost: 14.4% of claim
• Best Performer: Korea, Rep. (Rank 1, DTF 84.15)

9. Resolving Insolvency

• Germany's Rank (DB2017): 3
• Germany's DTF Score (DB2017): 92.28
• Recovery Rate: 84.4 cents on the dollar
• Time: 1.2 years
• Cost: 8.0% of estate
• Best Performer: Finland (Rank 1, DTF 93.89)

Key Findings and Analysis

• Germany's Overall Ranking:

  • DB2017 Rank: 17
  • DB2016 Rank: 14 (adjusted for data revisions and methodological changes)
  • Change in Rank: -3 (slightly declined)
  • DTF Score (2017): 79.87
  • DTF Score (2016): 79.88
  • Change in DTF: -0.01 (minor decline)

• Gender Dimension:

  • The report introduces a gender component in several indicators, including starting a business, registering property, and enforcing contracts.
  • For all indicators, the number of procedures and time for men and women are similar, suggesting relatively equal access for both genders.
  • However, the quality of land administration index includes a gender component, measuring women's ability to own and transfer property.

• Methodological Changes:

  • The paying taxes indicator now includes postfiling processes (e.g., tax refunds, audits, appeals).
  • The distance to frontier and ease of doing business ranking are now more nuanced, allowing for better tracking of regulatory reforms and their impact.

• Comparisons with Comparator Economies:

  • Germany performs better than most comparator economies in the getting electricity and resolving insolvency areas.
  • It is among the top performers in dealing with construction permits and registering property.
  • In getting credit, Germany lags behind several economies, including New Zealand and others in the OECD.

Key Information and Notes

• Data Coverage:

  • The data is current as of June 1, 2016, except for the paying taxes indicators, which cover January–December 2015.
  • The report includes data for 48 economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, 32 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 32 OECD high-income economies.

• Methodology Limitations:

  • The report does not directly study other important factors such as proximity to large markets, infrastructure quality, or macroeconomic conditions.
  • It focuses on local limited liability companies in the largest business city of each economy.

• Additional Features:

  • The distance to frontier score measures the absolute distance from the best regulatory practices.
  • The ease of doing business ranking is based on the DTF scores and provides a relative comparison across economies.
  • The gender component is included in four indicator sets to reflect differences in regulatory processes for men and women.

• Sources and Further Reading:

  • More details on changes in methodology and data can be found in the "Old and New Factors Covered in Doing Business" section of the report.
  • The full report is available on the Doing Business website at http://www.doingbusiness.org.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2017 report highlights Germany's strong regulatory environment, particularly in areas like getting electricity and resolving insolvency, while identifying opportunities for improvement in getting credit and protecting minority investors. The inclusion of a gender dimension and postfiling processes adds new depth to the analysis, helping to identify potential barriers for women in business. Germany remains among the top performers in the OECD, though it has slightly declined in the ease of doing business ranking compared to 2016. The report serves as a valuable tool for policymakers to assess and reform business regulations effectively.