2003年-世界发展银行全球_Romania___Country_Financial_Accountability_Assessment_102页_7mb

报告摘要

Romania Country Financial Accountability Assessment Summary

Objective of the Assessment

The Country Financial Accountability Assessment (CFAA) is a diagnostic tool designed to enhance understanding among the borrower, the World Bank, and development partners about Romania's public and private sector financial accountability frameworks. It aims to identify strengths and weaknesses in financial accountability arrangements and assess fiduciary risks associated with the use of World Bank funds. The CFAA does not serve as an audit but supports the development of capacity-building programs and reform strategies.

Scope of the Assessment

The CFAA focuses on the following areas:

Public Sector Budgeting: Including budget preparation, coverage, presentation, execution, and monitoring.
Treasury & Cash Management: Assessing cash distribution, internal control, and audit arrangements.
Accounting & Financial Reporting: Evaluating the use of accrual-based accounting, financial reporting systems, and the integration of financial data.
Internal Control & Internal Audit: Reviewing the effectiveness of internal control mechanisms and the role of internal audit.
External Audit & Parliamentary Oversight: Assessing the role of the Romanian Court of Accounts and legislative scrutiny.
Capacity Development: Covering the impact of technical assistance and the need for strategic management of financial reforms.

Key Findings

Public Sector Budgeting

Romania has adopted a new Law on Public Finance (LPF) in 2002, which aligns with international best practices and the EC Financial Regulation.
The Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) has been implemented, improving the realism and discipline of budgeting.
Budget data is generally reliable, and variances are disclosed and explained.
Program budgeting is becoming more integrated into the budget process, but a shift to focusing on outputs and outcomes rather than just appropriations is still needed.
The CFAA recommends continued monitoring of budget compliance and more realistic performance indicators.

Treasury & Cash Management

The existing system meets basic needs but has significant shortcomings: outdated IT equipment, slow and fragile links between regional and local treasuries, and inadequate security measures.
The system lacks robust cash flow projections and electronic data transfer capabilities.
A "quick win" modernization is recommended, including integration with the Transfond banking network.
Fiduciary risk is assessed as moderate.

Accounting & Financial Reporting

The current system is heavily reliant on manual processes, leading to inefficiencies.
Only about 60% of audited entities receive discharge from the Romanian Court of Accounts.
The government has started implementing accrual-based accounting in 13 institutions, reflecting IPSAS and EC Financial Regulation.
The CFAA recommends integrating financial reporting capabilities with the State Treasury and aligning with program budgeting and internal audit reforms.
Fiduciary risk is considered significant.

Internal Control & Internal Audit

The National Fund system has been developed to manage EU pre-accession funds, and it has improved control environments.
However, the overall internal control environment is still weak, especially in line ministries and government agencies.
The Law on Internal Audit (LIA) and SPPIA have been introduced, but implementation remains incomplete.
The Central Harmonizing Unit (CHU) is key to promoting best practices and norms.
Fiduciary risk is assessed as significant.

External Audit & Parliamentary Oversight

The Romanian Court of Accounts continues to focus on individual transaction compliance and individual prosecution, rather than systemic performance.
A financial audit manual has been developed, reflecting international auditing standards.
The CFAA recommends broadening the scope of external audits to include systemic performance and attestation audits.

Recommendations

Reinforce strategic management of PFM reforms through a cross-ministerial committee and a Head of PFM Reform.
Improve coordination of technical assistance and training to avoid contradictory development goals.
Maintain comparability between the EC Financial Regulation and LPF in key terms and definitions.
Enhance the internal control environment by aligning with EC financial control arrangements and focusing on preventive control.
Promote codes of ethics for civil servants and establish central ex-post monitoring mechanisms.
Implement integrated financial accounting systems and improve financial reporting capabilities.
Continue the shift to accrual-based accounting and ensure realistic performance indicators in program budgets.
Expand the role of external audit to include systemic performance and attestation audits.

Fiduciary Risk Assessment

Budgeting: Moderate risk
Treasury & Cash Management: Moderate risk
Accounting & Financial Reporting: Significant risk
Internal Control & Internal Audit: Significant risk
External Audit & Parliamentary Oversight: Moderate risk

Capacity Development

A new law on local finances is being prepared to decentralize financial management responsibilities.
The PEIR 2002 provides a comprehensive review of local financial management, which is not covered by the CFAA.
The ROSC 2002 assesses private sector financial accountability.
The CPAR covers public procurement issues.
The CFAA recommends the development of an inventory and database to track donor efforts and ensure coherence in reform activities.

Conclusion

The CFAA highlights Romania's progress in modernizing public financial management systems, particularly in budgeting and internal audit. However, it also identifies significant challenges in the implementation of reforms, especially in areas such as accounting, internal control, and external audit. The report emphasizes the need for coordinated reform efforts, capacity building, and strengthening the control environment to reduce fiduciary risks and ensure effective financial accountability.

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