2023-07-25-ITIF-药品价格控制的隐性代价_全球新疗法减少_医疗成本上升（英）_30页_314kb

Overview: This report examines how pharmaceutical price controls in OECD countries reduce revenues, discourage R&D investment, and limit access to new drugs, comparing the issue to climate change free-riding and highlighting the long-term health impacts on future generations.

Key Findings:

• After adjusting for GDP per capita, 30 of 32 OECD countries had lower prescription drug prices than the U.S. in 2018, with Japan, Germany, and France leading in reductions.
• Price controls reduced manufacturer sales by 77% ($254 billion) in these countries, correlating with a 52.8% reduction in R&D expenditure.
• Lifting price controls could increase global sales by $254.1 billion and add 10–25 new drugs annually, many first-in-class.
• Five countries (Japan, Germany, France, UK, Italy) collectively could lose about 12 new drugs per year due to free-riding.

Impact on R&D and New Drugs:

• A strong correlation (coefficient 0.92) exists between pharmaceutical sales revenue and R&D investment for 478 companies.
• Revenue shortfalls lead to fewer new drug approvals, with price controls estimated to delay or eliminate 33 to over 100 new drug launches annually.
• New drugs contribute significantly to life expectancy increases and reduce healthcare costs, but price controls inhibit these benefits.

Policy Recommendations:

• Remove pharmaceutical price controls and advocate for higher payments in free-riding countries.
• "Name and shame" non-compliant nations at international forums and consider WTO disputes based on intellectual property violations.
• Address payment system inefficiencies, such as in pharmacy benefit manager (PBM) practices, to improve drug pricing transparency and affordability.

Health and Economic Consequences:

• Current price controls increase short-term costs but reduce future access to treatments, potentially raising long-term healthcare expenditures.
• Europe's case shows how decades of price controls eroded pharmaceutical innovation leadership, delaying drug access and increasing mortality.

Conclusion: Balancing current and future health needs requires policies that preserve incentives for R&D while ensuring affordable access, avoiding trade-offs detrimental to innovation and global health.