2022-08-31-世界经济论坛-Delivering_Climate_Resilient_Cities_Using_a_Systems_Approach_65页_20mb

结论与建议

According to the IPCC, we have 12 years left to keep rising global temperatures within 1.5°C. GHGs associated with cities account for more than 75% of anthropogenic GHGs globally. A business-as-usual approach focusing on individual infrastructure projects is no longer sufficient. Instead, cities should adopt a systems approach to effectively address anthropogenic GHGs and infrastructure challenges.

系统方法的核心

• 定义: A systems approach treats multiple interconnected infrastructure sectors (buildings, mobility, energy, water, etc.) as components of a larger urban system.
• 核心理念: Optimizing individual sectors separately yields inferior outcomes compared to optimizing the system holistically, leveraging interconnections and interdependencies.
• 关键需求: Involves comprehensive, cross-sectoral planning, effective multistakeholder engagement (government, private sector, academia, civil society), and finance.

为何需要系统方法？

• 应对气候危机: Cities will bear the brunt of climate change. A systems approach integrates climate change mitigation (net-zero carbon) and adaptation (climate resilience).
• 利用协同效应: Addresses complex urban challenges, capitalizes on synergies, explores integrative solutions (grey-green hybrid infrastructure, NBS), and maximizes co-benefits (health, economic growth, equity).
• 机遇与挑战: The pandemic offers a unique opportunity for acceleration; however, cities face challenges (resource constraints, legacy infrastructure, technical/capacity gaps, socio-political barriers, funding access).

如何实施系统方法？

• 核心步骤:
  1. Leadership and Vision: Secure political commitment, establish climate emergency declarations and targets (e.g., carbon neutrality by 2050/at latest 2030), leverage existing working groups.
  2. Stakeholders and Community Engagement: Identify critical stakeholders (national/regional gov, private sector, academia, NGOs, citizens), engage them throughout planning/problem-solving (inclusive, multifunctional groups), ensure clear communication.
  3. Integrative Process: Identify baseline data and targets (GHG inventory, climate risk), localize effective solutions, review existing capacities/utilizations.
  4. Implementation: Establish partnerships, explore innovative financing (green bonds, pilot projects, leveraging finance actors), develop enabling finance mechanisms and policy frameworks.
  5. Building Capacity: Enhance internal expertise, provide training, hire specialized staff, seek external technical assistance, use expertise effectively, implement quick-win projects.

关键推荐行动

• 建立机制: Establish dedicated bodies/working groups for climate and resilience action across government.
• 设定目标: Adopt progressive targets (GHG neutrality, climate resilience, equity).
• 数据驱动: Prioritize baseline assessments and track performance.
• 连通合作: Enhance multi-stakeholder dialogue, engage directly with financiers/investors.
• 创新融资: Explore green bonds, demand-side finance mechanisms (land value capture), develop blended finance structures.
• 行动组合: Prioritize quick wins, implement pilot projects, map systemic barriers and opportunities for co-benefits.
• 跨层次协调: Ensure alignment between local and national/subnational plans, secure enabling frameworks.