2009年-世界发展银行全球_Support_for_Programmatic_CDM_Development_for_the_National_Program_for_Municipal_Solid_Waste_in_Morocco_95页_1mb

Summary of the MNA Region Carbon Finance Assist Program for Morocco's Municipal Solid Waste Sector

Core Content

This report outlines the findings and recommendations of a World Bank mission aimed at supporting the development of a Programmatic CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) for the National Program for Municipal Solid Waste (NPMSW) in Morocco. The mission was conducted between November 2008 and February 2009 and focused on assessing the feasibility of CDM projects related to landfill gas (LFG) capture and utilization for electricity generation.

Main Objectives

• To develop a CDM Program of Activities (PoA) based on a programmatic approach for CDM Project Activities (CPAs) in the municipal solid waste (MSW) sector.
• To assess and validate the feasibility of a nationwide CDM PoA for MSW in Morocco.
• To create a Program Idea Note (PIN) summarizing the results of the program assessment.

Key Tasks and Activities

• Conducted meetings with key stakeholders, including the Fonds d'Equipement Communal (FEC), the Ministry of Interior, and landfill operators.
• Collected data from 14 targeted landfills using a survey template (see Annex B).
• Evaluated the potential of these landfills for CDM projects, focusing on biogas capture, flaring, and electricity generation.
• Analyzed investment costs, operational and maintenance (O&M) expenses, and revenues for the CDM PoA.
• Assessed the additionality of the proposed CDM projects.
• Identified one CPA for submission in the Project Design Document (PDD).
• Prepared a financial analysis based on the World Bank PIN template.
• Summarized environmental and socio-economic benefits of the CDM PoA.
• Organized a Capacity Development workshop to disseminate findings and raise awareness about CDM in Morocco.

Data and Information Collection

• A survey was conducted on 14 landfills, with 13 completed and 2 excluded (Fès, Essaouira, and Tétouan) due to insufficient data or low viability.
• The survey gathered data on waste generation, landfill operation, contractual arrangements, and CDM provisions.
• Important reference documents were analyzed, including the PNDM Plan d'Action 2008–2012, Assistance to Local Authorities, and Technical Expertise Report.

National Context of Municipal Solid Waste

• Morocco has seen significant urban population growth and increased waste generation over the past two decades.
• Local authorities are responsible for solid waste management, but limited financial and technical resources have led to poor service delivery.
• Most waste was previously disposed of in open uncontrolled dumps, causing environmental and public health issues.
• The NPMSW, a 15-year national program, has been approved with a budget of 37 billion MAD and aims to improve waste management through sanitary landfills, rehabilitation of old sites, and recycling initiatives.

Proposed CDM Program

• The program targets LFG capture and utilization for biogas flaring and electricity generation.
• It is based on the approved CDM methodology ACM0001, which is suitable for LFG projects.
• The program aims to certify GHG emissions reductions from LFG management activities.
• Two scenarios were considered: an optimistic scenario (Scenario I) including all 11 targeted landfills, and a conservative scenario (Scenario II) based on the most viable sites.

Scenarios for CPA Projects

Scenario I (Optimistic)

• Includes all 11 targeted landfills.
• Assumes full implementation of CDM activities for both biogas capture and electricity generation.
• Total waste handled: 2.9 million tons/year (56% of national MSW collection).

Scenario II (Conservative)

• Excludes Akreuch, Casablanca, and Oujda due to institutional or technical challenges.
• Focuses on 8 landfills with the most promising CDM potential.
• Total waste handled: 1.5 million tons/year.

Emissions Reduction Evaluation

• The baseline emissions of each landfill were calculated using the ACM0001 methodology.
• The formula considers:
  • Methane destruction in the project vs. baseline.
  • Electricity generation using LFG and its displacement of fossil fuel-based electricity.
  • Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane (21 tCO2e/tCH4).
• Avoided methane emissions were calculated for both scenarios, with Scenario I yielding the highest potential for emissions reduction.

Program Schedule

• The CDM program preparation and registration will take 18 to 24 months.
• The first crediting year is expected to be 2011.
• A 25-year crediting period is planned, starting from 2011, with annual breakdowns of emissions reductions.

Program Benefits

• Local benefits include improved waste management, reduced methane emissions, and better public health.
• Global benefits involve carbon credit generation, climate change mitigation, and contribution to international climate goals.
• Socio-economic effects include job creation, increased revenue for municipalities and operators, and the promotion of sustainable development.

Key Findings and Recommendations

• Akreuch is the only old landfill with viable biogas potential.
• Casablanca and Rabat are the most significant landfills but require institutional support and awareness campaigns for CDM inclusion.
• Oujda has a contractual obligation for biogas capture and electricity generation, which may affect additionality and project viability.
• A 10-year period for the Carbon Partnership Facility (CPF) was selected to align with the expected CERs generation schedule.
• A standard PIN was prepared, summarizing the program's feasibility, financial analysis, and environmental benefits.

Conclusion

The mission provided a comprehensive assessment of the potential for CDM projects in Morocco's MSW sector. The programmatic approach is expected to enhance carbon finance integration, improve landfill management, and support sustainable development. The PIN and financial analysis are essential tools for the registration and implementation of the CDM PoA, and further capacity building and stakeholder engagement are recommended for successful program development.