工业5.0指数_国家如何重塑2025年的经济进步_78页_6mb

> **来源：[研报客](https://pc.yanbaoke.cn)** # The Industry # 5.0 Index Borko Handjiski Ramiz Martinovic Camille Crittenden 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # Executive Summary 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # Key insights - Industry 5.0 is a term for an aspirational Fifth Industrial Revolution, defined by placing human creativity and welfare, sustainability, and resilient systems at the center of business and government strategies for the benefit of economies, societies, and the planet. - The combination of these elements can add $1 trillion annually to global GDP in addition to technology-driven profits. It will require collaboration between governments and businesses, with supportive policies, regulations, and incentives aligning profit with societal good. Early adopters of Industry 5.0 principles can capture new profit pools and avoid risks of stranded assets or regulatory drag. - The Industry 5.0 Index, created by the Oliver Wyman Forum and the University of California, Berkeley, measures the readiness of 92 countries across 30 metrics to capture the potential of the Industry 5.0 era. Finland is the overall leader of the index thanks to its holistic investments in and top scores relating to workforce upskilling, sustainability, and digital and supply chain resilience. One such government initiative allocates roughly $3.6 billion until 2027 to fund research, new technologies, and support policies related to climate, industry, and job training. - Investing in workforce upskilling and AI augmentation is essential to unlock productivity and attract and retain talent. Sweden, leader of the Talent sub-index, has top scores relating to patents for human-machine collaboration, workforce participation in high-tech industries, and workforce training and upskilling initiatives. One such government plan will invest roughly $700 million in upskilling initiatives that center on health, life sciences, AI, and graduate schools for AI-related topics. - Sustainable practices can open new sources of cost savings, new market opportunities, and economic growth. The Netherlands, leader of the Sustainability sub-index, has high scores relating to environmental protection, patents for sustainable technologies, and circular economy transition measures. The government's 2030 circular economy program outlines more than 200 policy measures to halve the use of primary raw materials by 2030. - Resilience in supply chains, digital infrastructure, cybersecurity, and continued innovation spending are critical strategic priorities given increasing global risks. South Korea, leader of the Resilience sub-index, has leading scores relating to internet connectivity strength, investment ecosystems for AI-related firms, and government spending on research and development. One such government initiative announced in April 2025 plans to increase research spending for AI solutions to a record $25.2 billion in 2026. # How Nations Can Redeine Economic Progress Pace of innovation Internet 50 million users in 4 years A leading AI chatbot 50 million users in less than 2 months Every industrial revolution has propelled humanity forward in ways unimaginable. The first mechanized production, the second brought electrification, the third introduced automation, and the fourth's digitalization drove enormous gains in productivity — creating more output in decades than in previous centuries combined. Now, artificial intelligence, robotics, and more sophisticated green technologies are spurring the next stage: Industry 5.0. With each technological era, the pace of adoption quickened and the scale expanded. Industry 5.0 is on pace to break new ground: While it took four years for the internet to reach 50 million users, it took less than two months for a leading AI chatbot to do the same. Earlier leaps also came with significant costs to society and our planet. The mills of the 18th century relied on child labor and dangerous working conditions. The industrial expansions of the 19th and 20th centuries brought environmental pollution and deep social inequalities. The digital age has also strained mental health and eroded privacy. Industry 5.0 can provide a "win-win-win" outcome. Today, governments and businesses have an unprecedented opportunity to create value beyond profits if new innovations are directed toward holistic socio-economic impact, by embedding human-centricity, resilience, and sustainability into the fabric of economies. The combination of the three can add $1 trillion in global GDP on top of the profits arising from new technologies. The Oliver Wyman Forum and the University of California, Berkeley, created the Industry 5.0 Index to help countries and businesses prepare for the future and this opportunity. The index complements existing global benchmarks by going beyond competitiveness and innovation. The International Institute for Management Development's World Competitiveness Ranking measures countries' structural foundations that determine their ability to create successful economies. The World Intellectual Property Organization's Global Innovation Index identifies the most innovative economies that are the drivers of technological breakthroughs and leaders in their adoption. Our index builds on both, and by benchmarking nations on their readiness to apply Industry 5.0 principles, it identifies those best positioned to lead in shaping a holistic model of progress. Countries that are successful in all three benchmarks will be global leaders in economic development. The index measures the readiness of 92 countries across 30 metrics to capture the full value of the Industry 5.0 era — the Fifth Industrial Revolution. Readiness is measured across three pillars: the extent to which a country ensures its population and workforce benefit from the adoption of new technologies; the extent to which its economic model promotes environmental protection; and the national economy's resiliency to shocks and risks, including those coming from new technologies, such as emerging cybersecurity threats. The top five performers of this index are high-income nations in Europe: Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, and Luxembourg. European countries National GDP (2024) $\bigcirc$ \ $28.7 trillion ·\$ 12.7 million | *Rank position per pillar (92-1) The Industry 5.0 Index European countries # Finland leads the Industry 5.0 era with holistic investments in workforce upskilling, sustainability, and digital and supply chain resilience Finland, the overall leader of the index, is holistic in its approach to creating value for the next industrial era. Its Innovation and Skills program alone touches on major elements of the three pillars of this index — Talent, Sustainability, and Resilience. The initiative aims to use roughly $3.6 billion by 2027 to promote research and new technologies, advance the growth of small and medium-sized firms, offer employment and skills opportunities, and use digitalization to advance society, government, and business. It also promotes energy efficiency and the adaptation of a circular economy to prepare Finland for climate change. Perhaps it is no surprise that, for years, Finland has also been the happiest country in the world, according to the World Happiness Report. Other nations should be inspired by the example of Finland: Even a small country can build the foundations for an innovation-led economy built on holistic value creation principles. # Leading economies attract and upskill talent to supercharge AI's societal and business promise What differentiates Industry 5.0 from previous industrial eras is the potential for social gains from new technological advancements. Capital gains no longer come solely from technological adoption. Now, productivity boosts will come from a human workforce that's augmented with tools like AI. No country better represents an upskilled workforce than Sweden, which tops the Talent sub-index. The government announced an investment of $670 million in December 2024 for research and innovation initiatives that center on health, life sciences, and AI studies. Sweden's national center for AI aims to work with the private sector in upskilling and educating workforces in all fields, attracting talent to work in the AI field itself, and drawing international talent to Sweden. Separately, the government's Al Commission proposed in November 2024 various initiatives for Al education and upskilling among public school and higher education institutions. # Sustainable innovation can lower emissions and bring business opportunities The Netherlands tops the Sustainability sub-index, which measures countries on their readiness for sustainable innovation, workforce participation in green industries, and public expenditure on environmental protection. Together, the three pillars of our index can add $1 trillion to global GDP Key to leading in the Industry 5.0 era is intertwining talent and sustainability initiatives — the latter of which can create new upskilling and job potential. The Netherlands' Just Transition Fund will invest about $721 million to retrain 49,000 workers from fossil-fuel-dependent sectors to enter jobs in renewable or climate-neutral industries. And the Netherlands' Action Plan for Green and Digital Jobs calls for cooperation between education and business sectors along with technical training initiatives. Promoting a sustainable economic model is not just an opportunity for high-income countries. Emerging economies should follow the same path, as it brings the same economic impact. Consider Chile, which in 2023 launched an initiative to accelerate the processing of green patents, reducing the time for entrepreneurs to receive a patent by up to a third and bringing solutions to market faster. # Leading nations invest in digital infrastructure and supply chain resilience Extreme weather events, mis- and disinformation, societal polarization, cyber insecurity, and interstate armed conflict are the top five ranked risks by expected severity in the next two years, according to a 2024 Marsh survey of nearly 1,400 global experts. Proportion of companies with a critical supply chain bottleneck # 65% # 89% Share of CEOs who rated geopolitics, trade policies, tariffs, and industrial policy as risks to their company To build resilience, economies will need de-risked supply chains, reliable national infrastructure, a high capacity of critical services like healthcare, robust cybersecurity, and labor market flexibility. The challenge in supply chains is widespread for business and government leaders: An analysis of Marsh McLennan clients shows that $65\%$ of companies have a critical bottleneck somewhere in their supply chain network. And $89\%$ of CEOs rated geopolitics, trade policies, tariffs, and industrial policy as risks to their company in a 2025 Oliver Wyman Forum survey. South Korea leads the Resilience sub-index, measuring how prepared nations are in their supply chains, digital literacy, and infrastructure. Recent government supply chain initiatives include plans to reduce dependence on certain countries to $50\%$ or below by 2030 for key products. By 2027, nearly $\$ 40$ billion will be invested to expand domestic production, diversify imports, advance public stockpiling, and strengthen and protect key technologies. In March 2025, the South Korean government announced $\$ 34$ billion in financial support to companies involved in strategic technologies such as chips and autos. Digital literacy and cyber resilience are critical for economies, particularly as AI rapidly transforms the threat landscape with the ability to automate cyberattacks. In just six months, that capability has contributed to a sevenfold increase in cyberattack attempts on one tech giant, to 750 million a day. The United Kingdom, a leader in cyber preparedness, aims to enhance the country's potential for innovation and expertise with measures like incentives to foster growth in cybersecurity firms and the appointment of a government leader to coordinate action across the cybersecurity industry. Economies should also bolster the strength of their digital infrastructure supporting mobile coverage, internet speeds, and data centers. The United States and the United Arab Emirates, for example, partnered with several tech firms on the Stargate project to build expansive AI data centers and infrastructure in both countries. # Winning in the Industry 5.0 era means investing in both economic success and well-being Countries that win the innovation race will no doubt lead in generating unprecedented financial value. A computing and AI firm's ascent as the world's most valuable company is already proof of the potential upside of Industry 5.0 technologies. But to unlock the full benefits of the new wave, countries will have to embed the principles this index measures. The onus is on both governments and businesses to realize this potential. Governments must first establish regulations and incentives that align profit with broader societal benefits. Business leaders should shift their mindset to view resilience as a new driver of ROI. Those that strengthen their businesses by designing supply chains, workforces, and technology systems with flexibility will outperform volatile markets. Sustainability can now drive profits as well. Measures like energy efficiency and the integration of tools like AI to optimize material and waste efficiency, for example, can lower costs for businesses — particularly as sustainable energy becomes more affordable. Early adopters of these methods can capture these profit pools, while laggards face stranded assets and compliance drag. And where talent may be scarce, companies that combine human skills with automation can attract and retain the best engineers, operators, and innovators. Skilled workers will be more likely to stay at firms where technology augments their creativity and decision-making. 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # The index measures the readiness of 92 countries across 30 metrics to capture the full value of the Industry 5.0 era 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # Ranking # Ranking # Overall score Country Score 1 Finland 66.5 2 Sweden 66.1 3 Switzerland 62.0 4 Denmark 60.1 5 Luxembourg 59.4 6 Norway 58.5 7 Germany 58.0 8 Belgium 57.3 9 The Netherlands 57.1 10 Singapore 57.0 11 Japan 56.9 12 South Korea 55.0 13 France 54.6 14 Austria 54.5 15 Estonia 53.1 16 United States of America 51.3 17 Spain 49.8 18 Australia 49.7 19 Iceland 49.1 20 United Kingdom 48.2 21 Portugal 47.6 22 Ireland 47.4 23 Czech Republic 46.7 24 Slovenia 45.4 25 Canada 44.9 26 Lithuania 44.7 27 Israel 43.4 28 Latvia 42.2 29 Greece 42.2 30 Poland 42.0 31 China 41.8 Country Score 32 Hungary 41.7 33 Italy 41.4 34 United Arab Emirates 40.4 35 New Zealand 39.3 36 Malta 37.9 37 Slovak Republic 36.7 38 Bulgaria 35.9 39 Croatia 34.3 40 Malaysia 33.9 41 Saudi Arabia 33.4 42 Serbia 28.1 43 Brazil 27.9 44 Cyprus 27.8 45 Kuwait 27.6 46 Turkey 27.2 47 Chile 26.9 48 Romania 26.8 49 Bahrain 26.3 50 Colombia 24.6 51 Thailand 24.5 52 India 23.3 53 Mexico 23.3 54 Uruguay 22.9 55 Georgia 22.5 56 Vietnam 22.3 57 Russian Federation 22.2 58 Indonesia 21.9 59 Albania 21.8 60 Kazakhstan 20.5 61 South Africa 20.1 62 North Macedonia 19.4 Country Score 63 Mauritius 19.4 64 Morocco 19.4 65 Argentina 18.7 66 Armenia 18.4 67 Costa Rica 18.3 68 Philippines 18.3 69 Mongolia 17.5 70 Peru 16.9 71 Azerbaijan 16.7 72 Egypt 16.5 73 Jordan 16.0 74 Dominican Republic 16.0 75 Tunisia 15.5 76 Ghana 15.2 77 Ukraine 15.1 78 Oman 14.5 79 Bangladesh 14.1 80 Panama 13.9 81 Kenya 13.4 82 Uzbekistan 13.4 83 Botswana 13.0 84 Nigeria 11.2 85 Namibia 10.9 86 Zambia 10.4 87 Sri Lanka 10.3 88 Cambodia 10.2 89 Pakistan 10.0 90 Kyrgyzstan 9.3 91 Senegal 8.9 92 Ethiopia 7.1 # Ranking # Talent sub-index Country Score 1 Sweden 81.4 2 The Netherlands 79.1 3 Finland 78.3 4 Switzerland 76.6 5 Ireland 74.9 6 Denmark 74.0 7 Belgium 73.2 8 Germany 71.8 9 Luxembourg 68.9 10 France 67.3 11 South Korea 67.1 12 Singapore 66.6 13 United States of America 66.4 14 Canada 63.7 15 Austria 62.7 16 Japan 62.6 17 Iceland 62.3 18 Slovenia 61.2 19 Norway 61.1 20 United Kingdom 59.8 21 Estonia 59.1 22 Spain 59.1 23 Israel 58.6 24 Australia 58.3 25 Portugal 57.6 26 Lithuania 57.0 27 Czech Republic 55.4 28 Italy 55.3 29 Hungary 54.0 30 Slovak Republic 53.4 31 Poland 53.2 Country Score 32 Greece 50.9 33 Malta 50.3 34 Cyprus 49.2 35 China 47.2 36 Bulgaria 46.3 37 Croatia 45.6 38 Latvia 44.8 39 New Zealand 42.3 40 Romania 40.6 41 Serbia 40.1 42 Armenia 38.7 43 United Arab Emirates 37.0 44 Chile 36.4 45 Thailand 35.8 46 Uruguay 35.6 47 Russian Federation 35.5 48 Georgia 35.5 49 Malaysia 35.1 50 Turkey 34.4 51 Mexico 34.0 52 Argentina 33.9 53 Vietnam 33.2 54 South Africa 32.9 55 Colombia 32.3 56 Indonesia 32.1 57 Brazil 31.5 58 India 30.2 59 Albania 29.8 60 Costa Rica 29.6 61 North Macedonia 29.0 62 Philippines 28.0 Country Score 63 Bahrain 27.4 64 Mongolia 26.9 65 Peru 26.4 66 Saudi Arabia 25.9 67 Mauritius 25.8 68 Kazakhstan 25.8 69 Dominican Republic 25.8 70 Tunisia 25.6 71 Panama 25.5 72 Ghana 24.0 73 Egypt 23.1 74 Botswana 22.9 75 Azerbaijan 21.3 76 Uzbekistan 20.8 77 Kuwait 20.7 78 Jordan 20.2 79 Ukraine 19.1 80 Sri Lanka 18.9 81 Cambodia 18.8 82 Bangladesh 18.1 83 Kenya 18.1 84 Morocco 17.4 85 Nigeria 16.6 86 Namibia 16.6 87 Kyrgyzstan 16.3 88 Oman 15.8 89 Zambia 14.9 90 Senegal 14.4 91 Pakistan 12.6 92 Ethiopia 10.2 # Ranking # Sustainability sub-index Country Score 1 The Netherlands 62.7 2 Finland 62.2 3 Sweden 59.4 4 Norway 57.6 5 Australia 56.6 6 Belgium 55.9 7 Estonia 55.8 8 Luxembourg 55.2 9 Germany 55.1 10 Switzerland 54.6 11 Austria 53.4 12 Portugal 51.1 13 United Kingdom 50.8 14 Italy 49.5 15 New Zealand 48.9 16 Denmark 48.3 17 Japan 47.5 18 Ireland 47.5 19 France 47.4 20 Czech Republic 47.4 21 Greece 43.1 22 Spain 42.9 23 China 42.2 24 Slovenia 41.4 25 Hungary 41.4 26 Singapore 39.6 27 Lithuania 39.6 28 Poland 39.3 29 Canada 38.7 30 Bulgaria 38.1 31 Latvia 35.5 Country Score 32 Iceland 33.9 33 South Korea 31.5 34 Brazil 31.5 35 United States of America 30.2 36 Slovak Republic 28.8 37 Chile 28.7 38 United Arab Emirates 28.6 39 Colombia 27.3 40 Malaysia 25.5 41 Israel 25.4 42 Malta 25.3 43 Kuwait 23.3 44 Croatia 22.2 45 Turkey 22.2 46 Saudi Arabia 21.8 47 Thailand 21.0 48 Indonesia 20.7 49 Uruguay 20.1 50 Romania 19.3 51 Kazakhstan 19.1 52 North Macedonia 19.0 53 Russian Federation 18.9 54 Cyprus 18.5 55 Peru 18.2 56 Jordan 18.1 57 Vietnam 18.0 58 Mexico 17.9 59 Morocco 17.5 60 Mauritius 17.4 61 India 17.0 62 Albania 16.9 Country Score 63 South Africa 16.2 64 Costa Rica 15.9 65 Oman 15.8 66 Philippines 15.7 67 Azerbaijan 15.6 68 Bahrain 15.5 69 Argentina 15.4 70 Egypt 15.4 71 Georgia 15.4 72 Ukraine 15.4 73 Dominican Republic 13.9 74 Tunisia 13.9 75 Serbia 13.2 76 Ghana 13.2 77 Kenya 12.8 78 Pakistan 12.6 79 Zambia 12.1 80 Nigeria 11.2 81 Namibia 11.1 82 Panama 10.9 83 Mongolia 10.8 84 Uzbekistan 10.4 85 Bangladesh 10.2 86 Ethiopia 10.1 87 Armenia 9.9 88 Botswana 9.2 89 Cambodia 8.9 90 Kyrgyzstan 8.4 91 Senegal 7.9 92 Sri Lanka 6.6 # Ranking # Resilience sub-index Country Score 1 South Korea 66.3 2 Singapore 64.7 3 Japan 60.5 4 Finland 59.1 5 Denmark 57.8 6 Sweden 57.4 7 United States of America 57.2 8 Norway 56.9 9 United Arab Emirates 55.6 10 Switzerland 54.7 11 Luxembourg 54.2 12 Saudi Arabia 52.3 13 Iceland 51.2 14 France 49.2 15 Spain 47.6 16 Austria 47.3 17 Germany 47.0 18 Latvia 46.4 19 Israel 46.3 20 Estonia 44.3 21 Belgium 42.7 22 Malaysia 41.0 23 Kuwait 38.7 24 Malta 38.1 25 Lithuania 37.6 26 Czech Republic 37.2 27 Bahrain 36.0 28 China 35.9 29 Croatia 34.9 30 United Kingdom 34.1 31 Portugal 34.1 Country Score 32 Australia 34.1 33 Poland 33.7 34 Slovenia 33.6 35 Greece 32.5 36 Canada 32.4 37 Serbia 30.9 38 Hungary 29.7 39 The Netherlands 29.5 40 Slovak Republic 27.7 41 New Zealand 26.7 42 Turkey 24.9 43 Bulgaria 23.3 44 Morocco 23.1 45 India 22.8 46 Brazil 20.7 47 Romania 20.4 48 Ireland 19.9 49 Italy 19.5 50 Albania 18.5 51 Mexico 18.0 52 Thailand 16.8 53 Kazakhstan 16.7 54 Georgia 16.5 55 Chile 15.7 56 Vietnam 15.6 57 Cyprus 15.6 58 Mongolia 14.9 59 Mauritius 14.8 60 Colombia 14.3 61 Bangladesh 13.9 62 Azerbaijan 13.0 Country Score 63 Uruguay 13.0 64 Indonesia 12.9 65 Russian Federation 12.3 66 Oman 11.8 67 South Africa 11.2 68 Egypt 11.1 69 Philippines 11.1 70 Ukraine 10.7 71 North Macedonia 10.2 72 Jordan 9.8 73 Costa Rica 9.5 74 Kenya 9.4 75 Uzbekistan 9.0 76 Ghana 8.4 77 Dominican Republic 8.2 78 Tunisia 7.1 79 Botswana 6.9 80 Argentina 6.8 81 Armenia 6.6 82 Peru 6.2 83 Nigeria 5.8 84 Sri Lanka 5.5 85 Panama 5.3 86 Namibia 5.1 87 Pakistan 5.0 88 Senegal 4.5 89 Zambia 4.3 90 Kyrgyzstan 3.2 91 Cambodia 2.7 92 Ethiopia 0.9 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # Country Profiles The country profiles are case studies that illustrate actions countries are taking in line with Industry 5.0 index principles. 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # Finland Talent Sustainability Resilience N°3 Score 78.3 N°2 Score 62.2 N°4 Score 59.1 Overall Index N°1 Score 66.5 # Finland # Why Finland Leads The Industry 5.0 Era Finland is the world's current frontrunner in the Industry 5.0 era — and the overall leader of this index — owing to its focus on nurturing workforce talent with artificial intelligence integration, making sustainability investments an economic growth engine, and bolstering supply chain resilience. # Exhibit: How Finland compares across Industry 5.0 Index pillars Finland, the overall index leader, has above-average scores in the Resilience, Talent, and Sustainability pillars when compared with global and European averages. 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # Finland Talent # N°3 Score 78.3 # TALENT # How Finland blends workforce upskilling with AI and social well-being A key element of next-gen competitiveness is enhancing workforce productivity in parallel with social well-being. Finland boasts an Innovation and Skills program that allocates about \(3.6 billion until 2027 to fund research, new technologies, and regional and corporate innovation while supporting policies related to industry, climate, education, and societal inclusion for disadvantaged people. The program encourages the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises; leverages digitalization for the benefit of citizens, businesses, and public administration; and supports employment and job skills with continuous learning and flexible educational paths. Al is at the center of the new job economy. Finland's Artificial Intelligence 4.0 program identifies opportunities to promote AI adoption in the economy, encourage cooperation among sectors, and invest in digital upskilling, particularly in small and medium-sized enterprises. Other initiatives include the Finland Recovery and Resilience plan, which dedicates $23 million to streamline work- and education-based immigration processes to facilitate attraction of global talent. These efforts are already paying off with a highly skilled workforce. Finland ranks sixth among European peers in the index for its share of adults with technology skills. Indeed, $82\%$ percent of Finnish individuals between 16 and 74 have at least basic digital skills — significantly higher than the European Union average of $55.6\%$ — according to an EU study. 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # Finland And $7.8\%$ of total employment in Finland was in the information and communications technology sector as of 2024. That outpaced the EU's $5\%$ overall average. Roughly $22\%$ of those employees were female, which again surpassed the EU average of $19.5\%$ . # SUSTAINABILITY # Finland invests in both a circular economy and clean energy Finland's climate and sustainability initiatives are extensive. Helsinki, which boasts the most sustainable transportation network in the world, is also home to sustainable initiatives like a first-of-its-kind green hydrogen production plant in the Finnish capital that reinserts heat generated in energy production processes to the city's heating network. This project is one facet of Finland's growing push to bring more private sector organizations to what it sees as a blooming energy market: A Helsinki agency projects the hydrogen market will reach roughly $250 billion by 2030. In 2023, the government also launched an organization to support and attract investments in research and innovation in the hydrogen and battery industries. Finland also has plans to adopt a circular economy — in which production is based on the reuse of materials or products — as a cornerstone of the country's economic growth by 2035 to help mitigate climate crises, lower emissions, and reduce material and product consumption. The government sees economic growth potential with this plan, as it aims to position Finland as a provider of sustainable solutions on the global market. 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # Finland Resilience Score 59.1 Meanwhile, a 2019 ban on coal reached a milestone in 2025, with the last active coal-fired power and heating plant shutting down in April. The government has reserved roughly $105 million to support companies and municipalities to pivot from coal energy. Separately, part of a $544 million fund will be used to create 3,700 new jobs in sectors most significantly affected by Finland's transition to climate neutrality. # RESILIENCE # Finland builds resilient supply chains and digital infrastructure Finland's focus on a circular economy may alleviate some supply chain risks given the emphasis on the reuse of materials and resources. In April 2025, the country allocated nearly $12 million to jump-start the sustainable renewal of the Finnish mining and minerals sector. Separately, Finland and Sweden announced in September 2024 a joint effort to bolster supply chain resilience and improve cost-effectiveness. That may entail shared emergency stockpiles or repairs to underwater infrastructure like submarine cables. Finland boasts several 6G internet research initiatives, including the world's first large-scale 6G research program, slated to operate from 2018 to 2026 in partnership with Horizon Europe, the EU's leading research and innovation initiative with a budget of nearly $112 billion. The nation also works with other European countries on projects like Hexa-X, a 6G internet development project, in partnership with a major Finnish telecommunications company. Finland is seeking global public and private partners to join its 6G research initiatives. 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # Sweden Talent Sustainability Resilience N°1 Score 81.4 N°3 Score 59.4 N°6 Score 57.4 Overall Index N°2 Score 66.1 # Sweden # How Sweden Puts Workforces At The Center Of Economic Plans Sweden tops the Talent sub-index because of its significant investment in research, professional upskilling opportunities, and educational reforms to improve the digital competencies of its workforce. The government is inserting artificial intelligence at the center of many upskilling initiatives by collaborating with several prominent tech firms on training opportunities. # Exhibit: How Sweden compares across Industry 5.0 Index pillars Sweden has the overall leading score in the Talent pillar, with above-average scores in Resilience and Sustainability when compared with global and European averages. 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # Sweden Talent No1 Score 81.4 # TALENT # Sweden is committed to digital upskilling and job mobility with expansive government initiatives Sweden is investing heavily in adapting its education system to build more digital skills. Sweden's 2027 National Digitalization Strategy aims to develop digital skills for school-aged children, upskill school staff's digital capabilities, and increase the number of higher education students studying fields in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) from about 80,000 now to at least 90,000 by 2035. These investments already are paying off. More than $66\%$ of Swedes aged 16 to 74 have at least basic digital skills — ranking Sweden sixth out of the European Union's 27 members. These initiatives can serve Sweden's broad goal of providing more mobility within the job market: Sweden announced plans in March 2025 to improve job-matching services and monitor the progress of job seekers. And in June 2025, the government vowed to cut red tape and implement tax relief for infrastructure, research, and energy work to keep businesses in the country. # AI lies at the center of many upskilling initiatives Sweden is working across the public and private sectors to build an Al-skilled workforce. In the public sector, a roughly $700 million plan from the Swedish government will invest in initiatives that center on health, life sciences, AI, and graduate schools for Al-related topics. Elsewhere, the government's AI Commission proposed in November 2024 various initiatives for AI education 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # Sweden Sustainability Score 59.4 and upskilling, like giving \(10 million per year between 2025 and 2029 to public school education programs. Sweden's national center for AI aims to work with the private sector in upskilling workforces and educating future workforces in all fields, attracting talent to work in the AI field itself, and drawing international talent to Sweden. These initiatives, in the center's view, require a joint investment among Swedish organizations and businesses to share best practices and ensure that AI benefits all sectors. Indeed, one tech firm announced in June 2025 plans to build an Al center in Sweden that will offer upskilling programs. A separate tech firm announced plans in 2024 to spend roughly $3.2 billion on Swedish cloud and AI infrastructure and trainings for 250,000 Swedes in Al skills. # SUSTAINABILITY # Sweden's sustainability initiatives are creating more jobs As part of Sweden's plan to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions by 2045 and then achieve negative emissions, the country's Energy Agency established a roughly $79 million fund called the Industrial Leap to help the industrial sector decarbonize and create new jobs. It's part of Sweden's bid to become a global leader in providing fossil-fuel-free industrial products. In addition to reducing emissions, the country's strategy also calls to utilize bioeconomy methods for production, in which natural processes are used to generate energy and industrial products. Sweden's carefully managed forests, for example, provide the main supply of wood products to the 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # Sweden Resilience Score 57.4 European Union. One estimate finds that Sweden's woodland bioeconomy has an export value of nearly $20 billion per year and offers high-tech job opportunities for thousands of Swedes. # RESILIENCE Sweden's strengthening digital infrastructure gives more citizens internet access The EU's Recovery and Resilience Facility plan also has bolstered Sweden's digital infrastructure network, providing a combined $567 million to accelerate broadband access to sparsely populated areas and upgrade digital services in public administration. Sweden's connectivity infrastructure indicators, from 5G internet to fiber-optic networks, are above the EU average, according to one EU study. 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # The Netherlands Talent N°2 Score 79.1 Sustainability N°1 Score 62.7 Resilience N°39 Score 29.5 Overall Index N°9 Score 57.1 # The Netherlands Why The Netherlands Is The Most Sustainable Nation In The Industry 5.0 Era The Netherlands tops the Sustainability sub-index, which measures a country's sustainable innovation, workforce participation in green industries, and public expenditure on environmental protection. Exhibit: How the Netherlands compares across Industry 5.0 Index pillars The Netherlands has the overall leading score in Sustainability and above-average scores globally in Resilience and Talent. # The Netherlands Sustainability No1 Score 62.7 # SUSTAINABILITY # How the Netherlands' sustainability plans make trade stronger The Netherlands receives high marks in facilitating sustainable trade. Consider Rotterdam's port, Europe's largest seaport and a gateway for international trade flowing through much of the continent, accommodating nearly $30\%$ of the European Union's container traffic. Operators at the port are integrating artificial intelligence to enhance its efficiency and sustainability, including better data analysis to optimize traffic flow, predict equipment failures, and improve efficiency. # The Netherlands invests heavily in clean energy technologies The Netherlands stands out among its peers in clean energy investments. Renewable energy accounted for nearly $20 \%$ of the Netherlands’ gross energy consumption — up from $17.4 \%$ in 2023 — thanks to new offshore wind turbines and increased biodiesel use. The share of renewable energy is expected to increase with a 10- year, roughly $\$ 40$ billion climate and transition fund to support sustainable electricity, hydrogen, heating networks, and two new nuclear reactors. # The Netherlands The Dutch government approved in April 2025 a roughly $13 billion growth package to stimulate the clean energy market, with investments in carbon capture infrastructure and power grid expansions to make way for more wind and solar energy. The government also announced a roughly$ 726 million commitment to construct the Netherlands' largest carbon capture and storage project. Separately, the country allocated more than $170 million in 2024 to support clean technology companies that develop solar panels, energy storage batteries, and hydrogen solutions. # The Netherlands' circular economy plans will support sustainability and greener jobs The Dutch government's 2030 circular economy program outlines more than 200 policy measures to halve the use of primary raw materials by 2030. One such policy measure, for example, calls for the government to publish a list of electronics technicians so that consumers can easily find a repair service rather than discard their device. The government is working with businesses to support this transition by encouraging entrepreneurs in circular value chains to collaborate, providing subsidies to small and medium-sized enterprises that want to make a value chain circular, and offering funds and guidance to consortiums of businesses that aim for major circular value chain breakthroughs. Shifting to a circular economy will also include workforce transition plans, with investments from the National Growth Fund in technical jobs at all levels, vocational and scientific education, and circular skills programs at vocational and university levels. The government is also developing a skills overview for job profiles needed in the circular economy that it will share with manufacturers. The Netherlands' Just Transition Fund will invest about $721 million to retrain 49,000 workers from fossil-fuel-dependent sectors to jobs in renewable or climate-neutral industries. The first of these projects trains workers to use concrete printers to recycle demolished building materials. The Netherlands' Action Plan for Green and Digital Jobs also calls for cooperation between the education and business sectors to develop new technical training initiatives. 01 Executive Summary 02 Ranking 03 Country Profiles 04 Methodology 05 About The Art # South Korea Talent N°11 Score 67.1 Sustainability N°33 Score 31.5 Resilience N°1 Score 66.3 Overall Index N°12 Score 55.0</td