2011-12-04-皮尤-Confidence_in_Democracy_and_Capitalism_Wanes_in_Former_Soviet_Union_59页_602kb

A Pew Research Center report from December 2011 analyzed attitudes in Russia, Ukraine, and Lithuania two decades after the Soviet Union collapsed. Key findings include: • Confidence in democracy and capitalism dropped significantly since 1991, with approval for multiparty systems and market economies declining considerably. • High dissatisfaction spread across the three nations, driven by societal changes perceived as harming living standards, morality, and law. • Most respondents believed elites (business owners and politicians) gained disproportionately from reforms, while ordinary citizens were left behind, fueling disillusionment. • Nostalgia for the Soviet era remained strong among older Russians, and nationalism increased, with some supporting an empire-like Russia. • Support for democracy was lower in Russia and Ukraine but higher in Lithuania; still, most favored strong leaders over democratic governance in mitigating problems. • Positive views of the U.S., EU, and NATO persisted, with Lithuania showing stronger pro-Western sentiment than Russia or Ukraine. • There is a "democracy gap" between democratic aspirations and perceptions of actual democratic performance, with diss satisfaction tracing back to 1991.