2014年-世界发展银行全球_RISE_-_Readiness_for_Investment_in_Sustainable_Energy___A_Tool_for_Policy_Makers_152页_17mb

RISE Summary: Readiness for Investment in Sustainable Energy

Core Content

RISE (Readiness for Investment in Sustainable Energy) is a tool developed by the World Bank Group to evaluate the legal and regulatory environment for sustainable energy investment. It supports the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) initiative, which aims to ensure universal access to modern energy services, double the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix, and double the rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030. The tool is designed to help policymakers identify areas where they can improve the enabling environment for sustainable energy investment and guide private sector participation.

Main Objectives

• To provide a global reference point for assessing the investment climate for sustainable energy.
• To support decision-making for governments and inform country-level interventions.
• To foster policy dialogue and identify priority areas for change.
• To highlight good practices across nations and support peer learning.

Key Components

1. RISE Indicators

RISE comprises 28 indicators across three pillars of sustainable energy:

• Energy Access (7 indicators)
• Renewable Energy (7 indicators)
• Energy Efficiency (10 indicators)

Additionally, there are 4 cross-cutting indicators:

• Fossil fuel subsidy
• Carbon pricing mechanism
• Utility performance
• Retail price of electricity

Each indicator is composed of 85 sub-indicators and is grouped into 4 categories:

• Planning
• Policies and Regulations
• Pricing and Subsidies
• Procedural Efficiency

2. Scoring System

• A "traffic light" system is used to score performance on individual indicators and can be aggregated to represent performance across categories or pillars.
• Most indicators are scored on a scale from 0 to 100 with equal weights.
• Procedural efficiency indicators use the "distance to frontier" approach, comparing performance to the best practices observed globally.

3. Pilot Countries

The RISE pilot was conducted in 17 countries, including:

• Armenia, Chile, Denmark, Ethiopia, Honduras, India, Kenya, Liberia, Maldives, Mali, Mongolia, Nepal, Solomon Islands, Tanzania, United States, Vanuatu, and Yemen.

These countries represent a mix of data availability and quality, allowing for a broad assessment of the tool's applicability.

Key Findings

1. Cross-Cutting Indicators

• Only a few countries have implemented subsidized fossil fuel generation.
• Carbon pricing mechanisms are present in only a couple of developed countries.
• Utility performance varies significantly across countries.
• Electricity prices differ by an order of magnitude, indicating a need for policy alignment.

2. Energy Access

• Universal electrification is still a distant goal for most countries.
• Many countries have electrification plans, but few have detailed resource mapping or regular updates.
• Mini-grid development is limited, with only a few countries performing well in this area.
• Standalone home systems have seen some investor-friendly steps.
• Affordability of electricity is generally acceptable, but connection costs and time are high in some countries.
• Energy efficiency mandates are largely absent in developing countries.

3. Renewable Energy

• A legal framework for renewable energy is present in more than half the countries.
• Economic incentives for renewable energy are introduced in nine countries.
• Regulatory policies play a crucial role in the efficiency of renewable energy projects.
• Fuel diversity and renewable potential are often mismatched.
• Carbon pricing and greenhouse gas targets are rare, even in developed countries.
• Procedural efficiency for renewable energy projects varies significantly.

4. Energy Efficiency

• Energy efficiency plans are more common in developed countries.
• Energy efficiency legislation is present in all countries, but implementation varies.
• Energy labeling systems and building codes are limited.
• Incentives for large-scale users are more developed in a few countries like India, Kenya, and Denmark.
• Public procurement and MEPS (Minimum Energy Performance Standards) are absent in most developing countries.

Lessons for Global Rollout

• RISE is a comprehensive and flexible tool that can be adapted for different contexts.
• Strong data is essential for accurate scoring and policy evaluation.
• Peer learning and good practices can be used to improve the enabling environment.
• Investor trust and policy credibility are key to attracting investment.
• Regular updates and public data availability will enhance RISE's utility and relevance.

RISE and Investment Climate

• RISE complements other investment climate indicators, such as the World Bank's WGI and Doing Business index.
• It provides a first-order snapshot of the enabling environment and highlights areas where policy reforms are needed.
• The aggregate score of RISE is expected to evolve over time, enabling econometric analysis and better understanding of its relationship with investment flows.

Conclusion

RISE is a crucial tool for assessing and improving the investment climate for sustainable energy. It is designed to be data-driven, policy-focused, and globally applicable. The pilot phase has provided valuable insights into the current state of sustainable energy readiness and has identified areas for improvement and policy alignment. The global rollout, expected in 2015, will cover about 100 countries and will be regularly updated to reflect country progress and evolving policy landscapes. RISE aims to support policymakers and investors in creating an environment that fosters sustainable energy development and economic growth.