2024-10-27-世界银行-人口快速老龄化背景下的健康和长期护理需求（英）_86页_1mb

Health and Long-Term Care Needs in a Context of Rapid Population Aging

This report examines the key challenges and opportunities presented by population aging, focusing particularly on developing countries experiencing rapid demographic transitions. Key findings and recommendations include:

1. Trends in Aging:

• Worldwide life expectancy is increasing, but the quality of additional years varies. Developing countries are aging at unprecedented rates, with significant gaps in health and social care systems.
• Functional dependency rises with age, constraining daily activities and increasing the need for long-term care.

2. Healthcare Challenges:

• Aging populations face rising prevalence of chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, dementia), multimorbidity, and mental health issues.
• Current healthcare systems in many countries are disease-centered, lacking integration and continuity of care. Solutions include:
  • Strengthening primary health care with a focus on prevention and early diagnosis.
  • Adopting person-centered, holistic care models (tackling multimorbidity, improving dementia management).
  • Containing costs through prevention and efficient resource allocation.
• Policies should promote healthy lifestyles to mitigate aging-related health issues.

3. Long-Term Care Gaps:

• Demand for long-term care services is increasing, but supply is insufficient, especially in developing countries.
• Key challenges include: limited coverage, affordability, quality of care, and inadequate home and community-based services.
• Caregivers, often unpaid women, face significant health and economic burdens. Strengthening support mechanisms is critical.

4. Key Policy Recommendations:

• Move toward universal health coverage with a focus on older populations and those with functional dependency.
• Promote healthy aging and healthy lifestyles across the life course.
• Strengthen integration between health and social care systems to ensure continuity of care.
• Invest in human resources, professionalizing caregivers and reducing ageism.
• Prioritize person-centered and affordable long-term care, expanding home-based services and supporting informal caregivers.
• Address data gaps to inform evidence-based policies.

Population aging presents significant challenges for health and long-term care systems in developing countries. Proactive, person-centered policies that address both health promotion and care support are essential to manage costs, improve outcomes, and ensure equitable access to services.