世界经济论坛-气候行动状况：需要将年排放量从+1.5_调整到-7_（英）-2023.11-20页_4mb

Summary of "The State of Climate Action: Major Course Correction Needed from +1.5% to −7% Annual Emissions"

This white paper by the World Economic Forum and Boston Consulting Group analyzes the current state of global climate action and concludes that significant course correction is urgently needed. With current emission increases at 1.5% per year, an annual reduction of 7% is required to achieve the 1.5°C target. Progress is insufficient across national commitments, corporate action, green technologies, and funding.

Key Findings

• Insufficient Emission Reductions: Global emissions are rising, and immediate cuts of 7% per year until 2030 are necessary to limit warming. Without drastic action, the 1.5°C target will be missed.

• National Commitments and Policies: Only 35% of global emissions are covered by net-zero commitments by 2050, and fewer than 7% involve robust policies. Countries like China, India, Russia, Indonesia, and Iran are on track to overshoot the 1.5°C path significantly.

• Corporate Climate Action: Less than 20% of the world's top 1,000 companies have science-based targets aligned with the 1.5°C pathway. Even fewer have comprehensive transition plans linked to actual emission reductions.

• Green Technology Scaling: Critical technologies (e.g., solar, wind) are advancing but are not scaling fast enough. Early-stage technologies like hydrogen, CCUS, and DAC lack cost-competitiveness, and skills gaps hinder deployment.

• Funding Gap: More than half of annual climate financing needs (~$4 trillion) remain unmet. The gap is larger in developing countries, and early-stage technologies receive only a small share of investments. Adaptation funding is also critically underfunded.

Recommendations for Mitigation Action

• National Level: Accelerate commitments and actions, including rebuilding energy infrastructure, engaging high-emitting sectors, and reducing methane emissions. Implement green procurement practices.

• Corporate Level: Set bold targets and transparency goals for emissions reductions, incorporating carbon removal where necessary. Align supply chains and adopt frameworks like ISSB reporting.

• Technology and Infrastructure: Scale up economically viable technologies (e.g., solar, EVs) and accelerate investment in early-stage options (e.g., green hydrogen, SAF). Address skills shortages and supply chain constraints.

• Funding and Equity: Increase climate financing for developing countries through bilateral and multilateral partnerships. Leverage policies like carbon pricing and CBAM to attract private investment, and ensure just transitions.

As temperatures rise and climate impacts worsen, inaction will lead to escalating costs and challenges. Urgent, coordinated global action is essential to avoid the worst consequences of climate change.