> **来源：[研报客](https://pc.yanbaoke.cn)** # EPA Automotive Trends Report Summary (2025) ## Core Content Overview This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the U.S. automotive industry's fuel economy and technology trends from 1975 to 2024, with preliminary data for 2025. It is based on data collected by the EPA and NHTSA, including testing procedures and manufacturer submissions, and aims to inform the public about the evolution of vehicle efficiency and technology. The report highlights the impact of regulatory changes, vehicle design, and the growing adoption of electrification technologies such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs). ## Main Points and Key Information ### A. What's New This Year - The EPA finalized a rule in February 2026 that eliminated greenhouse gas standards for light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles and engines. - The report includes updated analysis on the impact of BEVs and PHEVs on overall vehicle and technology trends. - Additional data and tools are available on the EPA Automotive Trends website for public access. - The report provides more detailed explanations of fuel economy metrics and their changes over time. ### B. Manufacturers in This Report - The report includes all U.S. light-duty vehicle manufacturers, focusing on the top 14 by production volume for model year 2024. - These top manufacturers accounted for over 97% of U.S. vehicle production in 2024. - The list includes major brands such as BMW, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Hyundai, Kia, Stellantis, Tesla, Toyota, and Volkswagen, along with their subsidiaries. - When a manufacturer acquires another, the EPA updates the manufacturer relationship across all model years to maintain consistency. ### C. Fuel Economy Metrics - Fuel economy data in the report is based on production volumes and reflects real-world performance. - The EPA uses a 5-cycle testing method to estimate real-world fuel economy, which accounts for a wider range of driving conditions. - Real-world fuel economy values are weighted 43% city and 57% highway, while compliance data is still weighted 55% city and 45% highway. - The report includes final data for model years 1975–2024 and preliminary data for 2025. - Fuel economy improvements have been observed over the last 20 years, with a 41% increase since 2004. ### D. Other Data Sources - The EPA updates data on its website and provides access to detailed datasets for public use. - Additional information and tools for consumers are available on [www.fueleconomy.gov](https://www.fueleconomy.gov), including the *Green Vehicle Guide*. - The report does not include data on compliance with CAFE standards, as it focuses on real-world performance. ## Fleetwide Trends ### A. Overall Fuel Economy Trends - In 2024, the average real-world fuel economy of new vehicles reached a record high of 27.2 mpg, up 0.1 mpg from the previous year. - Since 1975, the industry has improved fuel economy in 16 out of the last 20 years. - The growth of BEVs and PHEVs has significantly influenced these trends, with their exclusion reducing the average fuel economy by 1.7 mpg. - Preliminary data for 2025 suggest continued improvement, with an estimated real-world fuel economy of 28.1 mpg. ### B. Production Trends - The report uses model year production data, which typically does not change during the year. - Model year production data may differ from calendar year sales data due to the timing of vehicle releases. - From 1975 to 2024, U.S. vehicle production has grown on average by 0.4% annually. - There have been significant fluctuations, such as a drop to 9.3 million vehicles in 2009 due to economic conditions and a peak of 17 million in 2017. - In 2024, 14,799,239 vehicles were produced. ### C. Manufacturer Fuel Economy - In 2024, Tesla had the highest real-world fuel economy among large manufacturers at 117.1 mpg. - Stellantis had the lowest at 22.8 mpg, followed by GM (22.9 mpg) and Ford (23.4 mpg). - Over the past five years, 13 out of 14 major manufacturers increased their real-world fuel economy. - Toyota had the highest increase, at 3.3 mpg, followed by BMW (2.8 mpg) and Mercedes (2.4 mpg). - BEVs and PHEVs have had a notable impact on fuel economy improvements for most manufacturers. ## Vehicle Technology - The report covers various vehicle technologies, including propulsion, drivetrain, and energy systems. - It highlights the increasing use of electrification technologies, such as BEVs and PHEVs, and their influence on the automotive industry. - Data on gasoline engines, diesel engines, and hybrid technologies are also analyzed. - Transmission types and engine configurations are examined to understand their role in fuel economy and performance. ## Conclusion - The EPA Automotive Trends Report is a valuable resource for tracking long-term changes in fuel economy and vehicle technology. - The report reflects the industry's progress in improving efficiency and the shift towards electrification. - It provides a historical perspective and includes data that can be used for comparative analysis and policy development.