> **来源:[研报客](https://pc.yanbaoke.cn)** # Datadog (DDOG US) # Robust usage growth to drive solid revenue growth outlook Datadog (DDOG US) released (10 Feb HKT) its 4Q25 results: total revenue was US\(953.2mn, up \(29.2\%\) YoY (4Q24: \(25.1\%\); 3Q25: \(28.4\%\)), \(4\%\) better than both our forecast and Bloomberg consensus, driven by acceleration in revenue growth from non-AI customers (from \(20\%\) YoY in 3Q25 to \(23\%\) YoY in 4Q25), and strong demand from AI native customers. During the period, non-GAAP net income after tax adjustment was US\)217.4mn, up \(22.5\%\) YoY, and was \(6/7\%\) better than our forecast/consensus, driven by the beat in revenue and better-than-expected unleashing of operating leverage. For 2025, total revenue grew \(27.7\%\) YoY to US\)3.4bn, and non-GAAP OPM reached \(22.4\%\). Management noted that the acceleration in revenue growth for non-AI customers has continued in Jan 2026, and guided for \(25 - 26\%\) YoY growth for total revenue in 1Q26E (1Q25: \(25\%\)). Taking a conservative approach to full-year guidance, particularly for the AI-native customer cohort, management guided \(18 - 20\%\) YoY revenue growth and \(20 - 22\%\) non-GAAP OPM for 2026E. We lower our 2026–2027E revenue forecasts by \(2 - 4\%\) to bring estimates in line with guidance, while remaining confident in DDOG's upside potential for revenue growth. We fine-tuned our TP to US\)196.9 (from US$203.7), based on 16.3x 2026E EV/sales (previously 16.6x), in line with the two-year average plus one standard deviation. Maintain BUY. Robust cross-sell and up-sell trends sustained, with further upside potential ahead. By the end of 4Q25, Datadog's platform had over 32,700 customers, up \(9\%\) YoY. The number of large customers with an ARR of US\(1mn/\)100k+ reached 603/4,310 during the same period, up \(31/19\%\) YoY. Percentage of ARR comprised by US\)100k+ customers accounted for \(90\%\) of the company's total ARR in 4Q25 (4Q24: \(88\%\)). As of 4Q25, c. 84/55/33/18/9% of customers used more than 2/4/6/8/10 products of the company, up by 1/5/7/6/4ppts YoY respectively. Management highlighted that median of DDOG ARR for Fortune 500 customers was still less than half a million dollars, which in our view indicates plenty of room for future business development. On key operating metrics: 1) RPO was US\)3.46bn, up \(52\%\) YoY (3Q25: \(53\%\); 4Q24: \(24\%\)) and current RPO was up about-40s YoY (3Q25: low-50s); 2) net dollar-based retention rate was about \(120\%\) in 4Q25, flat QoQ and up from high-110% in 4Q24. ■ Strong revenue growth trajectory was seen in both AI and non-AI customers. Management highlighted that DDOG has accumulated more than 650 AI-native companies in its customer base in 4Q25 (3Q25: 500), among which 19 are spending more than US$1mn annually (3Q25: 15), and currently 14 out of Top 20 AI native companies are DDOG's customers. Revenue excluding AI-native customer group was up $23\%$ YoY in 3Q25, accelerating from $18\% / 20\%$ YoY in 2Q25/3Q25, and management noted that the acceleration trend continued in Jan 2026. Guided to continue investing for future growth while maintaining good operating efficiency. For 4Q25, non-GAAP GPM came in at $81.4\%$ , down 0.3ppts YoY but up 0.2ppts QoQ. Overall non-GAAP OPM came in at $24.1\%$ in 4Q25 (4Q24: $24.3\%$ ), 0.1ppt better than both consensus and our forecast. Management guided to continue investing in enhancing R&D capabilities to enhance long-term growth prospects, while still guided for $20 - 22\%$ non-GAAP OPM for 2026E (2025: $22.4\%$ ). # BUY (Maintain) Target Price US$196.90 (Previous TP US$203.70) Up/Downside 72.7% Current Price US$114.01 # China Internet Saiyi HE, CFA (852) 3916 1739 hesaiyi@cmbi.com.hk Ye TAO, CFA (852) 3850 5226 franktao@cmbi.com.hk Wentao LU, CFA luwentao@cmbi.com.hk Stock Data <table><tr><td>Mkt Cap (US$ mn)</td><td>42,407.6</td></tr><tr><td>Avg 3 mths t/o (US$ mn)</td><td>655.5</td></tr><tr><td>52w High/Low (US$)</td><td>199.72/87.00</td></tr><tr><td>Total Issued Shares (mn)</td><td>372.0</td></tr></table> Source:FactSet Shareholding Structure <table><tr><td>Vanguard Group Inc</td><td>12.9%</td></tr><tr><td>Blackrock Inc.</td><td>8.2%</td></tr></table> Source: Nasdaq Share Performance 12-mth Price Performance <table><tr><td></td><td>Absolute</td><td>Relative</td></tr><tr><td>1-mth</td><td>-9.1%</td><td>-7.5%</td></tr><tr><td>3-mth</td><td>-42.9%</td><td>-42.2%</td></tr><tr><td>6-mth</td><td>-12.9%</td><td>-19.6%</td></tr></table> Source:FactSet Source:FactSet Earnings Summary <table><tr><td>(YE 31 Dec)</td><td>FY24A</td><td>FY25A</td><td>FY26E</td><td>FY27E</td><td>FY28E</td></tr><tr><td>Revenue (US$ mn)</td><td>2,684</td><td>3,427</td><td>4,098</td><td>4,925</td><td>5,876</td></tr><tr><td>YoY growth (%)</td><td>26.1</td><td>27.7</td><td>19.6</td><td>20.2</td><td>19.3</td></tr><tr><td>Net profit (US$ mn)</td><td>183.7</td><td>107.7</td><td>97.0</td><td>168.8</td><td>262.6</td></tr><tr><td>Adjusted net profit (US$ mn)</td><td>653.8</td><td>746.6</td><td>779.2</td><td>992.7</td><td>1,232.5</td></tr><tr><td>YoY growth (%)</td><td>40.9</td><td>14.2</td><td>4.4</td><td>27.4</td><td>24.2</td></tr><tr><td>EPS (Adjusted) (US$)</td><td>1.83</td><td>2.06</td><td>2.09</td><td>2.57</td><td>3.06</td></tr><tr><td>Consensus EPS (US$)</td><td>na</td><td>2.02</td><td>2.41</td><td>2.95</td><td>0.46</td></tr></table> Source: Company data, Bloomberg, CMBIG estimates Management guided for 1Q26E: 1) revenue of US\(951-961mn, representing \(25 - 26\%\) growth YoY, and the mid-point of guidance was \(2\%\) ahead of consensus; and 2) non-GAAP net income per share of US\)0.49-0.51 (consensus: US$0.54). For 2026, management is looking for: 1) revenue of US\)4.06bn-4.10bn, representing YoY growth of c.18-20% (2025: \(28\%\) YoY); 2) non-GAAP OP of US\)840mn-880mn; and 3) net income per share of US$2.08-2.16. Figure 1: DDOG: quarterly results trend <table><tr><td rowspan="2">(USDmn)</td><td rowspan="2">1Q24</td><td rowspan="2">2Q24</td><td rowspan="2">3Q24</td><td rowspan="2">4Q24</td><td rowspan="2">1Q25</td><td rowspan="2">2Q25</td><td rowspan="2">3Q25</td><td rowspan="2">4Q25</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2">4Q25</td><td rowspan="2">4Q25E Consensus</td><td rowspan="2">Diff%</td></tr><tr></tr><tr><td>Total revenue</td><td>611.3</td><td>645.3</td><td>690.0</td><td>737.7</td><td>761.6</td><td>826.8</td><td>885.7</td><td>953.2</td><td>917.2</td><td>3.9%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>YoY Growth</td><td>26.9%</td><td>26.7%</td><td>26.0%</td><td>25.1%</td><td>24.6%</td><td>28.1%</td><td>28.4%</td><td>29.2%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gross profit</td><td>501.2</td><td>521.8</td><td>552.3</td><td>593.5</td><td>603.9</td><td>660.8</td><td>709.2</td><td>766.3</td><td>745.8</td><td>2.8%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>R&D expenses</td><td>270.0</td><td>274.6</td><td>291.8</td><td>316.3</td><td>341.1</td><td>387.5</td><td>402.0</td><td>417.9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>S&M expenses</td><td>173.9</td><td>187.0</td><td>187.8</td><td>207.9</td><td>214.3</td><td>239.0</td><td>238.7</td><td>264.4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>G&A expenses</td><td>45.3</td><td>47.6</td><td>52.4</td><td>59.9</td><td>61.0</td><td>69.8</td><td>74.3</td><td>74.6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating profit</td><td>12.0</td><td>12.6</td><td>20.3</td><td>9.4</td><td>(12.4)</td><td>(35.5)</td><td>(5.8)</td><td>9.4</td><td>15.3</td><td>-38.9%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net profit</td><td>42.6</td><td>43.8</td><td>51.7</td><td>45.6</td><td>24.6</td><td>2.6</td><td>33.9</td><td>46.6</td><td>40.6</td><td>14.8%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP OP</td><td>164.5</td><td>157.5</td><td>173.0</td><td>179.2</td><td>166.5</td><td>164.1</td><td>207.4</td><td>230.1</td><td>220.7</td><td>4.3%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP NP after tax adjustment</td><td>157.6</td><td>153.0</td><td>165.7</td><td>177.5</td><td>167.9</td><td>163.8</td><td>197.4</td><td>217.4</td><td>203.5</td><td>6.9%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>YoY Growth</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.5%</td><td>7.1%</td><td>19.1%</td><td>22.5%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Margins (%)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GPM</td><td>82.0%</td><td>80.9%</td><td>80.0%</td><td>80.5%</td><td>79.3%</td><td>79.9%</td><td>80.1%</td><td>80.4%</td><td>81.3%</td><td>(0.9)ppt</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>R&D expenses ratio</td><td>41.4%</td><td>41.8%</td><td>42.3%</td><td>42.9%</td><td>44.8%</td><td>46.9%</td><td>45.4%</td><td>43.8%</td><td>43.4%</td><td>0.4ppt</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>S&M expenses ratio</td><td>26.2%</td><td>26.9%</td><td>27.2%</td><td>28.2%</td><td>28.1%</td><td>28.9%</td><td>27.0%</td><td>27.7%</td><td>27.4%</td><td>0.3ppt</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>G&A expenses ratio</td><td>7.2%</td><td>7.0%</td><td>7.6%</td><td>8.1%</td><td>8.0%</td><td>8.4%</td><td>8.4%</td><td>7.8%</td><td>8.0%</td><td>(0.2)ppt</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>OPM</td><td>2.0%</td><td>2.0%</td><td>2.9%</td><td>1.3%</td><td>-1.6%</td><td>-4.3%</td><td>-0.7%</td><td>1.0%</td><td>1.7%</td><td>(0.7)ppt</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NPM</td><td>7.0%</td><td>6.8%</td><td>7.5%</td><td>6.2%</td><td>3.2%</td><td>0.3%</td><td>3.8%</td><td>4.9%</td><td>4.4%</td><td>0.5ppt</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP OPM</td><td>26.9%</td><td>24.4%</td><td>25.1%</td><td>24.3%</td><td>21.9%</td><td>19.8%</td><td>23.4%</td><td>24.1%</td><td>24.1%</td><td>0.1ppt</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP NPM</td><td>25.8%</td><td>23.7%</td><td>24.0%</td><td>24.1%</td><td>22.0%</td><td>19.8%</td><td>22.3%</td><td>22.8%</td><td>22.2%</td><td>0.6ppt</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> Source: Bloomberg, CMBIGM Figure 2: DDOG: changes in CMBI forecast <table><tr><td rowspan="2">USD mn</td><td colspan="3">Current</td><td colspan="3">Previous</td><td colspan="3">Change (%)</td></tr><tr><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td></tr><tr><td>Revenue</td><td>4,098.2</td><td>4,925.0</td><td>5,875.5</td><td>4,187</td><td>5,133</td><td>-</td><td>-2.1%</td><td>-4.0%</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Gross profit</td><td>3,274.9</td><td>3,960.3</td><td>4,754.0</td><td>3,368</td><td>4,155</td><td>-</td><td>-2.8%</td><td>-4.7%</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP OP</td><td>879.1</td><td>1,117.6</td><td>1,406.4</td><td>980</td><td>1,266</td><td>-</td><td>-10.3%</td><td>-11.7%</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP NP</td><td>779.2</td><td>992.7</td><td>1,232.5</td><td>900</td><td>1,143</td><td>-</td><td>-13.4%</td><td>-13.1%</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>GPM</td><td>79.9%</td><td>80.4%</td><td>80.9%</td><td>80.4%</td><td>80.9%</td><td>-</td><td>(0.5)ppt</td><td>(0.5)ppt</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP OPM</td><td>21.5%</td><td>22.7%</td><td>23.9%</td><td>23.4%</td><td>24.7%</td><td>-</td><td>(2.0)ppt</td><td>(2.0)ppt</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP NPM</td><td>19.0%</td><td>20.2%</td><td>21.0%</td><td>21.5%</td><td>22.3%</td><td>-</td><td>(2.5)ppt</td><td>(2.1)ppt</td><td>-</td></tr></table> Source: CMBIGM estimates Figure 3: DDOG: CMBI forecast vs Bloomberg consensus <table><tr><td colspan="4">Current</td><td colspan="3">Consensus</td><td colspan="3">Difference (%)</td></tr><tr><td>USD mn</td><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td></tr><tr><td>Revenue</td><td>4,098.2</td><td>4,925.0</td><td>5,875.5</td><td>4,107</td><td>4,949</td><td>5,925.6</td><td>-0.2%</td><td>-0.5%</td><td>-0.8%</td></tr><tr><td>Gross profit</td><td>3,274.9</td><td>3,960.3</td><td>4,754.0</td><td>3,333</td><td>4,019</td><td>4,830.0</td><td>-1.8%</td><td>-1.5%</td><td>-1.6%</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP OP</td><td>879.1</td><td>1,117.6</td><td>1,406.4</td><td>956</td><td>1,203</td><td>1,508.4</td><td>-8.1%</td><td>-7.1%</td><td>-6.8%</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP NP</td><td>779.2</td><td>992.7</td><td>1,232.5</td><td>890</td><td>1,109</td><td>1,350.3</td><td>-12.4%</td><td>-10.5%</td><td>-8.7%</td></tr><tr><td>GPM</td><td>79.9%</td><td>80.4%</td><td>80.9%</td><td>81.2%</td><td>81.2%</td><td>81.5%</td><td>(1.3)ppt</td><td>(0.8)ppt</td><td>(0.6)ppt</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP OPM</td><td>21.5%</td><td>22.7%</td><td>23.9%</td><td>23.3%</td><td>24.3%</td><td>25.5%</td><td>(1.8)ppt</td><td>(1.6)ppt</td><td>(1.5)ppt</td></tr><tr><td>Non-GAAP NPM</td><td>19.0%</td><td>20.2%</td><td>21.0%</td><td>21.7%</td><td>22.4%</td><td>22.8%</td><td>(2.7)ppt</td><td>(2.2)ppt</td><td>(1.8)ppt</td></tr></table> Source: CMBIGM estimates Figure 4: Datadog: target valuation <table><tr><td>EV/Sales Valuation</td><td>2026E</td></tr><tr><td>Revenue (US$mn)</td><td>4,098</td></tr><tr><td>Target 2026E EV/Sales</td><td>16.3</td></tr><tr><td>Target EV (US$mn)</td><td>66,800</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash (US$mn)</td><td>4,534</td></tr><tr><td>Target equity valuation (US$mn)</td><td>71,334</td></tr><tr><td>Total shares outstanding (Diluted; mn)</td><td>362.3</td></tr><tr><td>Valuation per share (US$)</td><td>196.9</td></tr></table> Source: Bloomberg, CMBIGM estimates Figure 5: Datadog: one-year forward EV/sales valuation band over the past 2 years Source: Bloomberg, CMBIGM estimates Financial Summary <table><tr><td>INCOME STATEMENT</td><td>2023A</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Dec (US$ mn)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Revenue</td><td>2,128</td><td>2,684</td><td>3,427</td><td>4,098</td><td>4,925</td><td>5,876</td></tr><tr><td>Cost of goods sold</td><td>410</td><td>516</td><td>687</td><td>823</td><td>965</td><td>1,122</td></tr><tr><td>Gross profit</td><td>1,718</td><td>2,169</td><td>2,740</td><td>3,275</td><td>3,960</td><td>4,754</td></tr><tr><td>Operating expenses</td><td>1,752</td><td>2,114</td><td>2,785</td><td>3,280</td><td>3,905</td><td>4,615</td></tr><tr><td>Selling expense</td><td>609</td><td>757</td><td>956</td><td>1,143</td><td>1,359</td><td>1,604</td></tr><tr><td>Admin expense</td><td>180</td><td>205</td><td>280</td><td>328</td><td>382</td><td>442</td></tr><tr><td>R&D expense</td><td>962</td><td>1,153</td><td>1,548</td><td>1,808</td><td>2,163</td><td>2,569</td></tr><tr><td>Operating profit</td><td>(33)</td><td>54</td><td>(44)</td><td>(5)</td><td>56</td><td>139</td></tr><tr><td>Interest income</td><td>100</td><td>157</td><td>182</td><td>146</td><td>166</td><td>186</td></tr><tr><td>Interest expense</td><td>(6)</td><td>(7)</td><td>(11)</td><td>(11)</td><td>(11)</td><td>(11)</td></tr><tr><td>Pre-tax profit</td><td>60</td><td>204</td><td>127</td><td>130</td><td>210</td><td>314</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax</td><td>(12)</td><td>(20)</td><td>(19)</td><td>(33)</td><td>(42)</td><td>(52)</td></tr><tr><td>After tax profit</td><td>49</td><td>184</td><td>108</td><td>97</td><td>169</td><td>263</td></tr><tr><td>Net profit</td><td>49</td><td>184</td><td>108</td><td>97</td><td>169</td><td>263</td></tr><tr><td>Adjusted net profit</td><td>464</td><td>654</td><td>747</td><td>779</td><td>993</td><td>1,232</td></tr></table> <table><tr><td>BALANCE SHEET</td><td>2023A</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Dec (US$ mn)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Current assets</td><td>3,178</td><td>4,911</td><td>5,382</td><td>6,472</td><td>7,839</td><td>9,500</td></tr><tr><td>Cash & equivalents</td><td>2,583</td><td>4,189</td><td>4,475</td><td>5,557</td><td>6,764</td><td>8,246</td></tr><tr><td>Account receivables</td><td>509</td><td>599</td><td>741</td><td>753</td><td>894</td><td>1,055</td></tr><tr><td>Prepayment</td><td>86</td><td>123</td><td>166</td><td>162</td><td>181</td><td>199</td></tr><tr><td>Non-current assets</td><td>758</td><td>874</td><td>1,262</td><td>1,318</td><td>1,424</td><td>1,544</td></tr><tr><td>PP&E</td><td>172</td><td>227</td><td>338</td><td>414</td><td>505</td><td>610</td></tr><tr><td>Right-of-use assets</td><td>127</td><td>173</td><td>215</td><td>215</td><td>215</td><td>215</td></tr><tr><td>Intangibles</td><td>10</td><td>4</td><td>15</td><td>15</td><td>15</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>Goodwill</td><td>353</td><td>360</td><td>531</td><td>531</td><td>531</td><td>531</td></tr><tr><td>Other non-current assets</td><td>97</td><td>111</td><td>163</td><td>144</td><td>159</td><td>173</td></tr><tr><td>Total assets</td><td>3,936</td><td>5,785</td><td>6,644</td><td>7,791</td><td>9,263</td><td>11,044</td></tr><tr><td>Current liabilities</td><td>1,003</td><td>1,863</td><td>1,591</td><td>1,762</td><td>1,943</td><td>2,128</td></tr><tr><td>Account payables</td><td>88</td><td>108</td><td>149</td><td>116</td><td>138</td><td>163</td></tr><tr><td>Other current liabilities</td><td>128</td><td>761</td><td>210</td><td>210</td><td>210</td><td>210</td></tr><tr><td>Lease liabilities</td><td>22</td><td>32</td><td>39</td><td>39</td><td>39</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><td>Contract liabilities</td><td>766</td><td>962</td><td>1,194</td><td>1,397</td><td>1,557</td><td>1,716</td></tr><tr><td>Non-current liabilities</td><td>908</td><td>1,208</td><td>1,320</td><td>1,316</td><td>1,375</td><td>1,442</td></tr><tr><td>Long-term borrowings</td><td>742</td><td>979</td><td>983</td><td>983</td><td>983</td><td>983</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred income</td><td>21</td><td>23</td><td>69</td><td>29</td><td>32</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>Other non-current liabilities</td><td>144</td><td>206</td><td>268</td><td>304</td><td>360</td><td>424</td></tr><tr><td>Total liabilities</td><td>1,911</td><td>3,071</td><td>2,912</td><td>3,078</td><td>3,319</td><td>3,570</td></tr><tr><td>Capital surplus</td><td>2,181</td><td>2,689</td><td>3,579</td><td>4,463</td><td>5,525</td><td>6,792</td></tr><tr><td>Retained earnings</td><td>(154)</td><td>30</td><td>138</td><td>235</td><td>404</td><td>666</td></tr><tr><td>Other reserves</td><td>(2)</td><td>(5)</td><td>15</td><td>15</td><td>15</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>Total shareholders equity</td><td>2,025</td><td>2,714</td><td>3,732</td><td>4,713</td><td>5,944</td><td>7,474</td></tr><tr><td>Total equity and liabilities</td><td>3,936</td><td>5,785</td><td>6,644</td><td>7,791</td><td>9,263</td><td>11,044</td></tr><tr><td>CASH FLOW</td><td>2023A</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Dec (US$ mn)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Profit before taxation</td><td>49</td><td>184</td><td>108</td><td>97</td><td>169</td><td>263</td></tr><tr><td>Depreciation & amortization</td><td>44</td><td>55</td><td>56</td><td>67</td><td>82</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Change in working capital</td><td>45</td><td>13</td><td>72</td><td>178</td><td>66</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Others</td><td>522</td><td>619</td><td>815</td><td>884</td><td>1,062</td><td>1,267</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash from operations</td><td>660</td><td>871</td><td>1,050</td><td>1,226</td><td>1,379</td><td>1,688</td></tr><tr><td>Investing</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Capital expenditure</td><td>(62)</td><td>(96)</td><td>(135)</td><td>(143)</td><td>(172)</td><td>(206)</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition of subsidiaries/ investments</td><td>(12)</td><td>(7)</td><td>(116)</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Net proceeds from disposal of short-term investments</td><td>(656)</td><td>(634)</td><td>(1,081)</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash from investing</td><td>(731)</td><td>(737)</td><td>(1,333)</td><td>(143)</td><td>(172)</td><td>(206)</td></tr><tr><td>Financing</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from share issues</td><td>58</td><td>51</td><td>63</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Others</td><td>0</td><td>736</td><td>(636)</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash from financing</td><td>58</td><td>787</td><td>(572)</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Net change in cash</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash at the beginning of the year</td><td>342</td><td>330</td><td>1,247</td><td>403</td><td>1,485</td><td>2,692</td></tr><tr><td>Exchange difference</td><td>1</td><td>(4)</td><td>11</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Cash at the end of the year</td><td>330</td><td>1,247</td><td>403</td><td>1,485</td><td>2,692</td><td>4,174</td></tr><tr><td>GROWTH</td><td>2023A</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Dec</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Revenue</td><td>27.1%</td><td>26.1%</td><td>27.7%</td><td>19.6%</td><td>20.2%</td><td>19.3%</td></tr><tr><td>Gross profit</td><td>29.4%</td><td>26.2%</td><td>26.3%</td><td>19.5%</td><td>20.9%</td><td>20.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Operating profit</td><td>na</td><td>na</td><td>na</td><td>na</td><td>na</td><td>151.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Net profit</td><td>na</td><td>278.3%</td><td>(41.4%)</td><td>(10.0%)</td><td>74.1%</td><td>55.6%</td></tr><tr><td>Adj. net profit</td><td>67.7%</td><td>40.9%</td><td>14.2%</td><td>4.4%</td><td>27.4%</td><td>24.2%</td></tr><tr><td>PROFITABILITY</td><td>2023A</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Dec</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gross profit margin</td><td>80.7%</td><td>80.8%</td><td>80.0%</td><td>79.9%</td><td>80.4%</td><td>80.9%</td></tr><tr><td>Operating margin</td><td>(1.6%)</td><td>2.0%</td><td>(1.3%)</td><td>(0.1%)</td><td>1.1%</td><td>2.4%</td></tr><tr><td>Adj. net profit margin</td><td>21.8%</td><td>24.4%</td><td>21.8%</td><td>19.0%</td><td>20.2%</td><td>21.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Return on equity (ROE)</td><td>2.8%</td><td>7.8%</td><td>3.3%</td><td>2.3%</td><td>3.2%</td><td>3.9%</td></tr><tr><td>GEARING/LIQUIDITY/ACTIVITIES</td><td>2023A</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Dec</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net debt to equity (x)</td><td>(0.9)</td><td>(1.2)</td><td>(0.9)</td><td>(1.0)</td><td>(1.0)</td><td>(1.0)</td></tr><tr><td>Current ratio (x)</td><td>3.2</td><td>2.6</td><td>3.4</td><td>3.7</td><td>4.0</td><td>4.5</td></tr><tr><td>Receivable turnover days</td><td>77.9</td><td>75.3</td><td>71.4</td><td>66.5</td><td>61.0</td><td>65.5</td></tr><tr><td>Payable turnover days</td><td>49.5</td><td>69.2</td><td>68.1</td><td>58.7</td><td>48.0</td><td>52.9</td></tr><tr><td>VALUATION</td><td>2023A</td><td>2024A</td><td>2025A</td><td>2026E</td><td>2027E</td><td>2028E</td></tr><tr><td>YE 31 Dec</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>P/E</td><td>760.5</td><td>208.6</td><td>367.5</td><td>423.0</td><td>252.8</td><td>169.1</td></tr><tr><td>P/E (diluted)</td><td>789.7</td><td>219.3</td><td>384.6</td><td>437.4</td><td>261.3</td><td>174.8</td></tr><tr><td>P/B</td><td>19.7</td><td>15.0</td><td>11.1</td><td>8.9</td><td>7.1</td><td>5.9</td></tr></table> Source: Company data, CMBIGM estimates. Note: The calculation of net cash includes financial assets. # Disclosures & Disclaimers # Analyst Certification The research analyst who is primary responsible for the content of this research report, in whole or in part, certifies that with respect to the securities or issuer that the analyst covered in this report: (1) all of the views expressed accurately reflect his or her personal views about the subject securities or issuer; and (2) no part of his or her compensation was, is, or will be, directly or indirectly, related to the specific views expressed by that analyst in this report. 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